sed -n '1,220p' /Users/fabianwesner/Herd/shop/.agents/skills/pest-testing/SKILL.md

---
name: pest-testing
description: "Use this skill for Pest PHP testing in Laravel projects only. Trigger whenever any test is being written, edited, fixed, or refactored — including fixing tests that broke after a code change, adding assertions, converting PHPUnit to Pest, adding datasets, and TDD workflows. Always activate when the user asks how to write something in Pest, mentions test files or directories (tests/Feature, tests/Unit, tests/Browser), or needs browser testing, smoke testing multiple pages for JS errors, or architecture tests. Covers: test()/it()/expect() syntax, datasets, mocking, browser testing (visit/click/fill), smoke testing, arch(), Livewire component tests, RefreshDatabase, and all Pest 4 features. Do not use for factories, seeders, migrations, controllers, models, or non-test PHP code."
license: MIT
metadata:
  author: laravel
---

# Pest Testing 4

## Documentation

Use `search-docs` for detailed Pest 4 patterns and documentation.

## Basic Usage

### Creating Tests

All tests must be written using Pest. Use `php artisan make:test --pest {name}`.

### Test Organization

- Unit/Feature tests: `tests/Feature` and `tests/Unit` directories.
- Browser tests: `tests/Browser/` directory.
- Do NOT remove tests without approval - these are core application code.

### Basic Test Structure

Pest supports both `test()` and `it()` functions. Before writing new tests, check existing test files in the same directory to match the project's convention. Use `test()` if existing tests use `test()`, or `it()` if they use `it()`.

<!-- Basic Pest Test Example -->
```php
it('is true', function () {
    expect(true)->toBeTrue();
});
```

### Running Tests

- Run minimal tests with filter before finalizing: `php artisan test --compact --filter=testName`.
- Run all tests: `php artisan test --compact`.
- Run file: `php artisan test --compact tests/Feature/ExampleTest.php`.

## Assertions

Use specific assertions (`assertSuccessful()`, `assertNotFound()`) instead of `assertStatus()`:

<!-- Pest Response Assertion -->
```php
it('returns all', function () {
    $this->postJson('/api/docs', [])->assertSuccessful();
});
```

| Use | Instead of |
|-----|------------|
| `assertSuccessful()` | `assertStatus(200)` |
| `assertNotFound()` | `assertStatus(404)` |
| `assertForbidden()` | `assertStatus(403)` |

## Mocking

Import mock function before use: `use function Pest\Laravel\mock;`

## Datasets

Use datasets for repetitive tests (validation rules, etc.):

<!-- Pest Dataset Example -->
```php
it('has emails', function (string $email) {
    expect($email)->not->toBeEmpty();
})->with([
    'james' => 'james@laravel.com',
    'taylor' => 'taylor@laravel.com',
]);
```

## Pest 4 Features

| Feature | Purpose |
|---------|---------|
| Browser Testing | Full integration tests in real browsers |
| Smoke Testing | Validate multiple pages quickly |
| Visual Regression | Compare screenshots for visual changes |
| Test Sharding | Parallel CI runs |
| Architecture Testing | Enforce code conventions |

### Browser Test Example

Browser tests run in real browsers for full integration testing:

- Browser tests live in `tests/Browser/`.
- Use Laravel features like `Event::fake()`, `assertAuthenticated()`, and model factories.
- Use `RefreshDatabase` for clean state per test.
- Interact with page: click, type, scroll, select, submit, drag-and-drop, touch gestures.
- Test on multiple browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Safari) if requested.
- Test on different devices/viewports (iPhone 14 Pro, tablets) if requested.
- Switch color schemes (light/dark mode) when appropriate.
- Take screenshots or pause tests for debugging.

<!-- Pest Browser Test Example -->
```php
it('may reset the password', function () {
    Notification::fake();

    $this->actingAs(User::factory()->create());

    $page = visit('/sign-in');

    $page->assertSee('Sign In')
        ->assertNoJavaScriptErrors()
        ->click('Forgot Password?')
        ->fill('email', 'nuno@laravel.com')
        ->click('Send Reset Link')
        ->assertSee('We have emailed your password reset link!');

    Notification::assertSent(ResetPassword::class);
});
```

### Smoke Testing

Quickly validate multiple pages have no JavaScript errors:

<!-- Pest Smoke Testing Example -->
```php
$pages = visit(['/', '/about', '/contact']);

$pages->assertNoJavaScriptErrors()->assertNoConsoleLogs();
```

### Visual Regression Testing

Capture and compare screenshots to detect visual changes.

### Test Sharding

Split tests across parallel processes for faster CI runs.

### Architecture Testing

Pest 4 includes architecture testing (from Pest 3):

<!-- Architecture Test Example -->
```php
arch('controllers')
    ->expect('App\Http\Controllers')
    ->toExtendNothing()
    ->toHaveSuffix('Controller');
```

## Common Pitfalls

- Not importing `use function Pest\Laravel\mock;` before using mock
- Using `assertStatus(200)` instead of `assertSuccessful()`
- Forgetting datasets for repetitive validation tests
- Deleting tests without approval
- Forgetting `assertNoJavaScriptErrors()` in browser tests


sed -n '1,220p' /Users/fabianwesner/Herd/shop/.agents/skills/laravel-best-practices/SKILL.md

SKILL.md

---
name: laravel-best-practices
description: "Apply this skill whenever writing, reviewing, or refactoring Laravel PHP code. This includes creating or modifying controllers, models, migrations, form requests, policies, jobs, scheduled commands, service classes, and Eloquent queries. Triggers for N+1 and query performance issues, caching strategies, authorization and security patterns, validation, error handling, queue and job configuration, route definitions, and architectural decisions. Also use for Laravel code reviews and refactoring existing Laravel code to follow best practices. Covers any task involving Laravel backend PHP code patterns."
license: MIT
metadata:
  author: laravel
---

# Laravel Best Practices

Best practices for Laravel, prioritized by impact. Each rule teaches what to do and why. For exact API syntax, verify with `search-docs`.

## Consistency First

Before applying any rule, check what the application already does. Laravel offers multiple valid approaches — the best choice is the one the codebase already uses, even if another pattern would be theoretically better. Inconsistency is worse than a suboptimal pattern.

Check sibling files, related controllers, models, or tests for established patterns. If one exists, follow it — don't introduce a second way. These rules are defaults for when no pattern exists yet, not overrides.

## Quick Reference

### 1. Database Performance → `rules/db-performance.md`

- Eager load with `with()` to prevent N+1 queries
- Enable `Model::preventLazyLoading()` in development
- Select only needed columns, avoid `SELECT *`
- `chunk()` / `chunkById()` for large datasets
- Index columns used in `WHERE`, `ORDER BY`, `JOIN`
- `withCount()` instead of loading relations to count
- `cursor()` for memory-efficient read-only iteration
- Never query in Blade templates

### 2. Advanced Query Patterns → `rules/advanced-queries.md`

- `addSelect()` subqueries over eager-loading entire has-many for a single value
- Dynamic relationships via subquery FK + `belongsTo`
- Conditional aggregates (`CASE WHEN` in `selectRaw`) over multiple count queries
- `setRelation()` to prevent circular N+1 queries
- `whereIn` + `pluck()` over `whereHas` for better index usage
- Two simple queries can beat one complex query
- Compound indexes matching `orderBy` column order
- Correlated subqueries in `orderBy` for has-many sorting (avoid joins)

### 3. Security → `rules/security.md`

- Define `$fillable` or `$guarded` on every model, authorize every action via policies or gates
- No raw SQL with user input — use Eloquent or query builder
- `{{ }}` for output escaping, `@csrf` on all POST/PUT/DELETE forms, `throttle` on auth and API routes
- Validate MIME type, extension, and size for file uploads
- Never commit `.env`, use `config()` for secrets, `encrypted` cast for sensitive DB fields

### 4. Caching → `rules/caching.md`

- `Cache::remember()` over manual get/put
- `Cache::flexible()` for stale-while-revalidate on high-traffic data
- `Cache::memo()` to avoid redundant cache hits within a request
- Cache tags to invalidate related groups
- `Cache::add()` for atomic conditional writes
- `once()` to memoize per-request or per-object lifetime
- `Cache::lock()` / `lockForUpdate()` for race conditions
- Failover cache stores in production

### 5. Eloquent Patterns → `rules/eloquent.md`

- Correct relationship types with return type hints
- Local scopes for reusable query constraints
- Global scopes sparingly — document their existence
- Attribute casts in the `casts()` method
- Cast date columns, use Carbon instances in templates
- `whereBelongsTo($model)` for cleaner queries
- Never hardcode table names — use `(new Model)->getTable()` or Eloquent queries

### 6. Validation & Forms → `rules/validation.md`

- Form Request classes, not inline validation
- Array notation `['required', 'email']` for new code; follow existing convention
- `$request->validated()` only — never `$request->all()`
- `Rule::when()` for conditional validation
- `after()` instead of `withValidator()`

### 7. Configuration → `rules/config.md`

- `env()` only inside config files
- `App::environment()` or `app()->isProduction()`
- Config, lang files, and constants over hardcoded text

### 8. Testing Patterns → `rules/testing.md`

- `LazilyRefreshDatabase` over `RefreshDatabase` for speed
- `assertModelExists()` over raw `assertDatabaseHas()`
- Factory states and sequences over manual overrides
- Use fakes (`Event::fake()`, `Exceptions::fake()`, etc.) — but always after factory setup, not before
- `recycle()` to share relationship instances across factories

### 9. Queue & Job Patterns → `rules/queue-jobs.md`

- `retry_after` must exceed job `timeout`; use exponential backoff `[1, 5, 10]`
- `ShouldBeUnique` to prevent duplicates; `ShouldBeUniqueUntilProcessing` for early lock release
- Always implement `failed()`; with `retryUntil()`, set `$tries = 0`
- `RateLimited` middleware for external API calls; `Bus::batch()` for related jobs
- Horizon for complex multi-queue scenarios

### 10. Routing & Controllers → `rules/routing.md`

- Implicit route model binding
- Scoped bindings for nested resources
- `Route::resource()` or `apiResource()`
- Methods under 10 lines — extract to actions/services
- Type-hint Form Requests for auto-validation

### 11. HTTP Client → `rules/http-client.md`

- Explicit `timeout` and `connectTimeout` on every request
- `retry()` with exponential backoff for external APIs
- Check response status or use `throw()`
- `Http::pool()` for concurrent independent requests
- `Http::fake()` and `preventStrayRequests()` in tests

### 12. Events, Notifications & Mail → `rules/events-notifications.md`, `rules/mail.md`

- Event discovery over manual registration; `event:cache` in production
- `ShouldDispatchAfterCommit` / `afterCommit()` inside transactions
- Queue notifications and mailables with `ShouldQueue`
- On-demand notifications for non-user recipients
- `HasLocalePreference` on notifiable models
- `assertQueued()` not `assertSent()` for queued mailables
- Markdown mailables for transactional emails

### 13. Error Handling → `rules/error-handling.md`

- `report()`/`render()` on exception classes or in `bootstrap/app.php` — follow existing pattern
- `ShouldntReport` for exceptions that should never log
- Throttle high-volume exceptions to protect log sinks
- `dontReportDuplicates()` for multi-catch scenarios
- Force JSON rendering for API routes
- Structured context via `context()` on exception classes

### 14. Task Scheduling → `rules/scheduling.md`

- `withoutOverlapping()` on variable-duration tasks
- `onOneServer()` on multi-server deployments
- `runInBackground()` for concurrent long tasks
- `environments()` to restrict to appropriate environments
- `takeUntilTimeout()` for time-bounded processing
- Schedule groups for shared configuration

### 15. Architecture → `rules/architecture.md`

- Single-purpose Action classes; dependency injection over `app()` helper
- Prefer official Laravel packages and follow conventions, don't override defaults
- Default to `ORDER BY id DESC` or `created_at DESC`; `mb_*` for UTF-8 safety
- `defer()` for post-response work; `Context` for request-scoped data; `Concurrency::run()` for parallel execution

### 16. Migrations → `rules/migrations.md`

- Generate migrations with `php artisan make:migration`
- `constrained()` for foreign keys
- Never modify migrations that have run in production
- Add indexes in the migration, not as an afterthought
- Mirror column defaults in model `$attributes`
- Reversible `down()` by default; forward-fix migrations for intentionally irreversible changes
- One concern per migration — never mix DDL and DML

### 17. Collections → `rules/collections.md`

- Higher-order messages for simple collection operations
- `cursor()` vs. `lazy()` — choose based on relationship needs
- `lazyById()` when updating records while iterating
- `toQuery()` for bulk operations on collections

### 18. Blade & Views → `rules/blade-views.md`

- `$attributes->merge()` in component templates
- Blade components over `@include`; `@pushOnce` for per-component scripts
- View Composers for shared view data
- `@aware` for deeply nested component props

### 19. Conventions & Style → `rules/style.md`

- Follow Laravel naming conventions for all entities
- Prefer Laravel helpers (`Str`, `Arr`, `Number`, `Uri`, `Str::of()`, `$request->string()`) over raw PHP functions
- No JS/CSS in Blade, no HTML in PHP classes
- Code should be readable; comments only for config files

## How to Apply

Always use a sub-agent to read rule files and explore this skill's content.

1. Identify the file type and select relevant sections (e.g., migration → §16, controller → §1, §3, §5, §6, §10)
2. Check sibling files for existing patterns — follow those first per Consistency First
3. Verify API syntax with `search-docs` for the installed Laravel version


Output:
Chunk ID: fa1f51
Wall time: 0.0000 seconds
Process exited with code 0
Original token count: 2249
Output:
---
name: laravel-best-practices
description: "Apply this skill whenever writing, reviewing, or refactoring Laravel PHP code. This includes creating or modifying controllers, models, migrations, form requests, policies, jobs, scheduled commands, service classes, and Eloquent queries. Triggers for N+1 and query performance issues, caching strategies, authorization and security patterns, validation, error handling, queue and job configuration, route definitions, and architectural decisions. Also use for Laravel code reviews and refactoring existing Laravel code to follow best practices. Covers any task involving Laravel backend PHP code patterns."
license: MIT
metadata:
  author: laravel
---

# Laravel Best Practices

Best practices for Laravel, prioritized by impact. Each rule teaches what to do and why. For exact API syntax, verify with `search-docs`.

## Consistency First

Before applying any rule, check what the application already does. Laravel offers multiple valid approaches — the best choice is the one the codebase already uses, even if another pattern would be theoretically better. Inconsistency is worse than a suboptimal pattern.

Check sibling files, related controllers, models, or tests for established patterns. If one exists, follow it — don't introduce a second way. These rules are defaults for when no pattern exists yet, not overrides.

## Quick Reference

### 1. Database Performance → `rules/db-performance.md`

- Eager load with `with()` to prevent N+1 queries
- Enable `Model::preventLazyLoading()` in development
- Select only needed columns, avoid `SELECT *`
- `chunk()` / `chunkById()` for large datasets
- Index columns used in `WHERE`, `ORDER BY`, `JOIN`
- `withCount()` instead of loading relations to count
- `cursor()` for memory-efficient read-only iteration
- Never query in Blade templates

### 2. Advanced Query Patterns → `rules/advanced-queries.md`

- `addSelect()` subqueries over eager-loading entire has-many for a single value
- Dynamic relationships via subquery FK + `belongsTo`
- Conditional aggregates (`CASE WHEN` in `selectRaw`) over multiple count queries
- `setRelation()` to prevent circular N+1 queries
- `whereIn` + `pluck()` over `whereHas` for better index usage
- Two simple queries can beat one complex query
- Compound indexes matching `orderBy` column order
- Correlated subqueries in `orderBy` for has-many sorting (avoid joins)

### 3. Security → `rules/security.md`

- Define `$fillable` or `$guarded` on every model, authorize every action via policies or gates
- No raw SQL with user input — use Eloquent or query builder
- `{{ }}` for output escaping, `@csrf` on all POST/PUT/DELETE forms, `throttle` on auth and API routes
- Validate MIME type, extension, and size for file uploads
- Never commit `.env`, use `config()` for secrets, `encrypted` cast for sensitive DB fields

### 4. Caching → `rules/caching.md`

- `Cache::remember()` over manual get/put
- `Cache::flexible()` for stale-while-revalidate on high-traffic data
- `Cache::memo()` to avoid redundant cache hits within a request
- Cache tags to invalidate related groups
- `Cache::add()` for atomic conditional writes
- `once()` to memoize per-request or per-object lifetime
- `Cache::lock()` / `lockForUpdate()` for race conditions
- Failover cache stores in production

### 5. Eloquent Patterns → `rules/eloquent.md`

- Correct relationship types with return type hints
- Local scopes for reusable query constraints
- Global scopes sparingly — document their existence
- Attribute casts in the `casts()` method
- Cast date columns, use Carbon instances in templates
- `whereBelongsTo($model)` for cleaner queries
- Never hardcode table names — use `(new Model)->getTable()` or Eloquent queries

### 6. Validation & Forms → `rules/validation.md`

- Form Request classes, not inline validation
- Array notation `['required', 'email']` for new code; follow existing convention
- `$request->validated()` only — never `$request->all()`
- `Rule::when()` for conditional validation
- `after()` instead of `withValidator()`

### 7. Configuration → `rules/config.md`

- `env()` only inside config files
- `App::environment()` or `app()->isProduction()`
- Config, lang files, and constants over hardcoded text

### 8. Testing Patterns → `rules/testing.md`

- `LazilyRefreshDatabase` over `RefreshDatabase` for speed
- `assertModelExists()` over raw `assertDatabaseHas()`
- Factory states and sequences over manual overrides
- Use fakes (`Event::fake()`, `Exceptions::fake()`, etc.) — but always after factory setup, not before
- `recycle()` to share relationship instances across factories

### 9. Queue & Job Patterns → `rules/queue-jobs.md`

- `retry_after` must exceed job `timeout`; use exponential backoff `[1, 5, 10]`
- `ShouldBeUnique` to prevent duplicates; `ShouldBeUniqueUntilProcessing` for early lock release
- Always implement `failed()`; with `retryUntil()`, set `$tries = 0`
- `RateLimited` middleware for external API calls; `Bus::batch()` for related jobs
- Horizon for complex multi-queue scenarios

### 10. Routing & Controllers → `rules/routing.md`

- Implicit route model binding
- Scoped bindings for nested resources
- `Route::resource()` or `apiResource()`
- Methods under 10 lines — extract to actions/services
- Type-hint Form Requests for auto-validation

### 11. HTTP Client → `rules/http-client.md`

- Explicit `timeout` and `connectTimeout` on every request
- `retry()` with exponential backoff for external APIs
- Check response status or use `throw()`
- `Http::pool()` for concurrent independent requests
- `Http::fake()` and `preventStrayRequests()` in tests

### 12. Events, Notifications & Mail → `rules/events-notifications.md`, `rules/mail.md`

- Event discovery over manual registration; `event:cache` in production
- `ShouldDispatchAfterCommit` / `afterCommit()` inside transactions
- Queue notifications and mailables with `ShouldQueue`
- On-demand notifications for non-user recipients
- `HasLocalePreference` on notifiable models
- `assertQueued()` not `assertSent()` for queued mailables
- Markdown mailables for transactional emails

### 13. Error Handling → `rules/error-handling.md`

- `report()`/`render()` on exception classes or in `bootstrap/app.php` — follow existing pattern
- `ShouldntReport` for exceptions that should never log
- Throttle high-volume exceptions to protect log sinks
- `dontReportDuplicates()` for multi-catch scenarios
- Force JSON rendering for API routes
- Structured context via `context()` on exception classes

### 14. Task Scheduling → `rules/scheduling.md`

- `withoutOverlapping()` on variable-duration tasks
- `onOneServer()` on multi-server deployments
- `runInBackground()` for concurrent long tasks
- `environments()` to restrict to appropriate environments
- `takeUntilTimeout()` for time-bounded processing
- Schedule groups for shared configuration

### 15. Architecture → `rules/architecture.md`

- Single-purpose Action classes; dependency injection over `app()` helper
- Prefer official Laravel packages and follow conventions, don't override defaults
- Default to `ORDER BY id DESC` or `created_at DESC`; `mb_*` for UTF-8 safety
- `defer()` for post-response work; `Context` for request-scoped data; `Concurrency::run()` for parallel execution

### 16. Migrations → `rules/migrations.md`

- Generate migrations with `php artisan make:migration`
- `constrained()` for foreign keys
- Never modify migrations that have run in production
- Add indexes in the migration, not as an afterthought
- Mirror column defaults in model `$attributes`
- Reversible `down()` by default; forward-fix migrations for intentionally irreversible changes
- One concern per migration — never mix DDL and DML

### 17. Collections → `rules/collections.md`

- Higher-order messages for simple collection operations
- `cursor()` vs. `lazy()` — choose based on relationship needs
- `lazyById()` when updating records while iterating
- `toQuery()` for bulk operations on collections

### 18. Blade & Views → `rules/blade-views.md`

- `$attributes->merge()` in component templates
- Blade components over `@include`; `@pushOnce` for per-component scripts
- View Composers for shared view data
- `@aware` for deeply nested component props

### 19. Conventions & Style → `rules/style.md`

- Follow Laravel naming conventions for all entities
- Prefer Laravel helpers (`Str`, `Arr`, `Number`, `Uri`, `Str::of()`, `$request->string()`) over raw PHP functions
- No JS/CSS in Blade, no HTML in PHP classes
- Code should be readable; comments only for config files

## How to Apply

Always use a sub-agent to read rule files and explore this skill's content.

1. Identify the file type and select relevant sections (e.g., migration → §16, controller → §1, §3, §5, §6, §10)
2. Check sibling files for existing patterns — follow those first per Consistency First
3. Verify API syntax with `search-docs` for the installed Laravel version


Output:
Chunk ID: ea7bf1
Wall time: 0.0000 seconds
Process exited with code 0
Original token count: 1275
Output:
---
name: pest-testing
description: "Use this skill for Pest PHP testing in Laravel projects only. Trigger whenever any test is being written, edited, fixed, or refactored — including fixing tests that broke after a code change, adding assertions, converting PHPUnit to Pest, adding datasets, and TDD workflows. Always activate when the user asks how to write something in Pest, mentions test files or directories (tests/Feature, tests/Unit, tests/Browser), or needs browser testing, smoke testing multiple pages for JS errors, or architecture tests. Covers: test()/it()/expect() syntax, datasets, mocking, browser testing (visit/click/fill), smoke testing, arch(), Livewire component tests, RefreshDatabase, and all Pest 4 features. Do not use for factories, seeders, migrations, controllers, models, or non-test PHP code."
license: MIT
metadata:
  author: laravel
---

# Pest Testing 4

## Documentation

Use `search-docs` for detailed Pest 4 patterns and documentation.

## Basic Usage

### Creating Tests

All tests must be written using Pest. Use `php artisan make:test --pest {name}`.

### Test Organization

- Unit/Feature tests: `tests/Feature` and `tests/Unit` directories.
- Browser tests: `tests/Browser/` directory.
- Do NOT remove tests without approval - these are core application code.

### Basic Test Structure

Pest supports both `test()` and `it()` functions. Before writing new tests, check existing test files in the same directory to match the project's convention. Use `test()` if existing tests use `test()`, or `it()` if they use `it()`.

<!-- Basic Pest Test Example -->
```php
it('is true', function () {
    expect(true)->toBeTrue();
});
```

### Running Tests

- Run minimal tests with filter before finalizing: `php artisan test --compact --filter=testName`.
- Run all tests: `php artisan test --compact`.
- Run file: `php artisan test --compact tests/Feature/ExampleTest.php`.

## Assertions

Use specific assertions (`assertSuccessful()`, `assertNotFound()`) instead of `assertStatus()`:

<!-- Pest Response Assertion -->
```php
it('returns all', function () {
    $this->postJson('/api/docs', [])->assertSuccessful();
});
```

| Use | Instead of |
|-----|------------|
| `assertSuccessful()` | `assertStatus(200)` |
| `assertNotFound()` | `assertStatus(404)` |
| `assertForbidden()` | `assertStatus(403)` |

## Mocking

Import mock function before use: `use function Pest\Laravel\mock;`

## Datasets

Use datasets for repetitive tests (validation rules, etc.):

<!-- Pest Dataset Example -->
```php
it('has emails', function (string $email) {
    expect($email)->not->toBeEmpty();
})->with([
    'james' => 'james@laravel.com',
    'taylor' => 'taylor@laravel.com',
]);
```

## Pest 4 Features

| Feature | Purpose |
|---------|---------|
| Browser Testing | Full integration tests in real browsers |
| Smoke Testing | Validate multiple pages quickly |
| Visual Regression | Compare screenshots for visual changes |
| Test Sharding | Parallel CI runs |
| Architecture Testing | Enforce code conventions |

### Browser Test Example

Browser tests run in real browsers for full integration testing:

- Browser tests live in `tests/Browser/`.
- Use Laravel features like `Event::fake()`, `assertAuthenticated()`, and model factories.
- Use `RefreshDatabase` for clean state per test.
- Interact with page: click, type, scroll, select, submit, drag-and-drop, touch gestures.
- Test on multiple browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Safari) if requested.
- Test on different devices/viewports (iPhone 14 Pro, tablets) if requested.
- Switch color schemes (light/dark mode) when appropriate.
- Take screenshots or pause tests for debugging.

<!-- Pest Browser Test Example -->
```php
it('may reset the password', function () {
    Notification::fake();

    $this->actingAs(User::factory()->create());

    $page = visit('/sign-in');

    $page->assertSee('Sign In')
        ->assertNoJavaScriptErrors()
        ->click('Forgot Password?')
        ->fill('email', 'nuno@laravel.com')
        ->click('Send Reset Link')
        ->assertSee('We have emailed your password reset link!');

    Notification::assertSent(ResetPassword::class);
});
```

### Smoke Testing

Quickly validate multiple pages have no JavaScript errors:

<!-- Pest Smoke Testing Example -->
```php
$pages = visit(['/', '/about', '/contact']);

$pages->assertNoJavaScriptErrors()->assertNoConsoleLogs();
```

### Visual Regression Testing

Capture and compare screenshots to detect visual changes.

### Test Sharding

Split tests across parallel processes for faster CI runs.

### Architecture Testing

Pest 4 includes architecture testing (from Pest 3):

<!-- Architecture Test Example -->
```php
arch('controllers')
    ->expect('App\Http\Controllers')
    ->toExtendNothing()
    ->toHaveSuffix('Controller');
```

## Common Pitfalls

- Not importing `use function Pest\Laravel\mock;` before using mock
- Using `assertStatus(200)` instead of `assertSuccessful()`
- Forgetting datasets for repetitive validation tests
- Deleting tests without approval
- Forgetting `assertNoJavaScriptErrors()` in browser tests


Output:
Chunk ID: 60b310
Wall time: 0.0000 seconds
Process exited with code 0
Original token count: 1888
Output:
---
name: livewire-development
description: "Use for any task or question involving Livewire. Activate if user mentions Livewire, wire: directives, or Livewire-specific concepts like wire:model, wire:click, wire:sort, or islands, invoke this skill. Covers building new components, debugging reactivity issues, real-time form validation, drag-and-drop, loading states, migrating from Livewire 3 to 4, converting component formats (SFC/MFC/class-based), and performance optimization. Do not use for non-Livewire reactive UI (React, Vue, Alpine-only, Inertia.js) or standard Laravel forms without Livewire."
license: MIT
metadata:
  author: laravel
---

# Livewire Development

## Documentation

Use `search-docs` for detailed Livewire 4 patterns and documentation.

## Basic Usage

### Creating Components

```bash

# Single-file component (SFC - default in v4)

# Creates: resources/views/components/⚡create-post.blade.php

php artisan make:livewire create-post

# Page component (SFC - Full Page in v4)

# Creates: resources/views/pages/⚡create-post.blade.php

php artisan make:livewire pages::create-post

# Multi-file component (MFC)

# Creates: resources/views/components/⚡create-post/create-post.php

#          resources/views/components/⚡create-post/create-post.blade.php

php artisan make:livewire create-post --mfc

# Class-based component (v3 style)

# Creates: app/Livewire/CreatePost.php AND resources/views/livewire/create-post.blade.php

php artisan make:livewire create-post --class

# With namespace

php artisan make:livewire Posts/CreatePost
```

### Converting Between Formats

Use `php artisan livewire:convert create-post` to convert between single-file, multi-file, and class-based formats.

### Choosing a Component Format

> **Always follow the project's existing conventions first.** Before creating any component, inspect the project's existing Livewire components to determine the established format (SFC, MFC, or class-based) and directory structure. Check `app/Livewire/`, `resources/views/components/`, and `resources/views/livewire/` for existing components. If the project already uses a consistent format, **use that same format** — even if it differs from the Livewire v4 defaults below. Only fall back to the v4 defaults (SFC in `resources/views/components/`) when no existing convention is established.

Also check `config/livewire.php` for `make_command.type`, `make_command.emoji`, `component_locations`, and `component_namespaces` overrides, which change the default format and where files are stored.

### Component Format Reference

| Format | Flag | Class Path | View Path |
|--------|------|------------|-----------|
| Single-file (SFC) | default | — | `resources/views/components/⚡create-post.blade.php` (PHP + Blade in one file) |
| Full Page SFC | `pages::name` | — | `resources/views/pages/⚡create-post.blade.php` |
| Multi-file (MFC) | `--mfc` | `resources/views/components/⚡create-post/create-post.php` | `resources/views/components/⚡create-post/create-post.blade.php` |
| Class-based | `--class` | `app/Livewire/CreatePost.php` | `resources/views/livewire/create-post.blade.php` |
| View-based | default (Blade-only) | — | `resources/views/components/⚡create-post.blade.php` (Blade-only with functional state) |

> **Important:** The ⚡ prefix shown above is the **default** behavior in Livewire v4 — it is **configurable**. Check `config/livewire.php` for the `make_command.emoji` setting. When `true` (default), always include the ⚡ prefix in filenames you create. When `false`, omit the ⚡ prefix from all paths above.

Namespaced components map to subdirectories: `make:livewire Posts/CreatePost` creates `resources/views/components/posts/⚡create-post.blade.php` (single-file by default). Use `make:livewire Posts/CreatePost --mfc` for multi-file output at `resources/views/components/posts/⚡create-post/create-post.php` and `resources/views/components/posts/⚡create-post/create-post.blade.php`.

### Single-File Component Example

<!-- Single-File Component Example -->
```php
<?php
use Livewire\Component;

new class extends Component {
    public int $count = 0;

    public function increment(): void
    {
        $this->count++;
    }
};
?>

<div>
    <button wire:click="increment">Count: @{{ $count }}</button>
</div>
```

## Livewire 4 Specifics

### Key Changes From Livewire 3

These things changed in Livewire 4, but may not have been updated in this application. Verify this application's setup to ensure you follow existing conventions.

- Use `Route::livewire()` for full-page components (e.g., `Route::livewire('/posts/create', CreatePost::class)`); config keys renamed: `layout` → `component_layout`, `lazy_placeholder` → `component_placeholder`.
- `wire:model` now ignores child events by default (use `wire:model.deep` for old behavior); `wire:scroll` renamed to `wire:navigate:scroll`.
- Component tags must be properly closed; `wire:transition` now uses View Transitions API (modifiers removed).
- JavaScript: `$wire.$js('name', fn)` → `$wire.$js.name = fn`; `commit`/`request` hooks → `interceptMessage()`/`interceptRequest()`.

### New Features

- Component formats: single-file (SFC), multi-file (MFC), view-based components.
- Islands (`@island`) for isolated updates; async actions (`wire:click.async`, `#[Async]`) for parallel execution.
- Deferred/bundled loading: `defer`, `lazy.bundle` for optimized component loading.

| Feature | Usage | Purpose |
|---------|-------|---------|
| Islands | `@island(name: 'stats')` | Isolated update regions |
| Async | `wire:click.async` or `#[Async]` | Non-blocking actions |
| Deferred | `defer` attribute | Load after page render |
| Bundled | `lazy.bundle` | Load multiple together |

### New Directives

- `wire:sort`, `wire:intersect`, `wire:ref`, `.renderless`, `.preserve-scroll` are available for use.
- `data-loading` attribute automatically added to elements triggering network requests.

| Directive | Purpose |
|-----------|---------|
| `wire:sort` | Drag-and-drop sorting |
| `wire:intersect` | Viewport intersection detection |
| `wire:ref` | Element references for JS |
| `.renderless` | Component without rendering |
| `.preserve-scroll` | Preserve scroll position |

## Best Practices

- Always use `wire:key` in loops
- Use `wire:loading` for loading states
- Use `wire:model.live` for instant updates (default is debounced)
- Validate and authorize in actions (treat like HTTP requests)

## Configuration

- `smart_wire_keys` defaults to `true`; new configs: `component_locations`, `component_namespaces`, `make_command`, `csp_safe`.

## Alpine & JavaScript

- `wire:transition` uses browser View Transitions API; `$errors` and `$intercept` magic properties available.
- Non-blocking `wire:poll` and parallel `wire:model.live` updates improve performance.

For interceptors and hooks, see [reference/javascript-hooks.md](reference/javascript-hooks.md).

## Testing

<!-- Testing Example -->
```php
Livewire::test(Counter::class)
    ->assertSet('count', 0)
    ->call('increment')
    ->assertSet('count', 1);
```

## Verification

1. Browser console: Check for JS errors
2. Network tab: Verify Livewire requests return 200
3. Ensure `wire:key` on all `@foreach` loops

## Common Pitfalls

- Missing `wire:key` in loops → unexpected re-rendering
- Expecting `wire:model` real-time → use `wire:model.live`
- Unclosed component tags → syntax errors in v4
- Using deprecated config keys or JS hooks
- Including Alpine.js separately (already bundled in Livewire 4)


Output:
Chunk ID: 780068
Wall time: 0.0000 seconds
Process exited with code 0
Original token count: 1256
Output:
---
name: developing-with-fortify
description: Laravel Fortify headless authentication backend development. Activate when implementing authentication features including login, registration, password reset, email verification, two-factor authentication (2FA/TOTP), profile updates, headless auth, authentication scaffolding, or auth guards in Laravel applications.
---

# Laravel Fortify Development

Fortify is a headless authentication backend that provides authentication routes and controllers for Laravel applications.

## Documentation

Use `search-docs` for detailed Laravel Fortify patterns and documentation.

## Usage

- **Routes**: Use `list-routes` with `only_vendor: true` and `action: "Fortify"` to see all registered endpoints
- **Actions**: Check `app/Actions/Fortify/` for customizable business logic (user creation, password validation, etc.)
- **Config**: See `config/fortify.php` for all options including features, guards, rate limiters, and username field
- **Contracts**: Look in `Laravel\Fortify\Contracts\` for overridable response classes (`LoginResponse`, `LogoutResponse`, etc.)
- **Views**: All view callbacks are set in `FortifyServiceProvider::boot()` using `Fortify::loginView()`, `Fortify::registerView()`, etc.

## Available Features

Enable in `config/fortify.php` features array:

- `Features::registration()` - User registration
- `Features::resetPasswords()` - Password reset via email
- `Features::emailVerification()` - Requires User to implement `MustVerifyEmail`
- `Features::updateProfileInformation()` - Profile updates
- `Features::updatePasswords()` - Password changes
- `Features::twoFactorAuthentication()` - 2FA with QR codes and recovery codes

> Use `search-docs` for feature configuration options and customization patterns.

## Setup Workflows

### Two-Factor Authentication Setup

```
- [ ] Add TwoFactorAuthenticatable trait to User model
- [ ] Enable feature in config/fortify.php
- [ ] Run migrations for 2FA columns
- [ ] Set up view callbacks in FortifyServiceProvider
- [ ] Create 2FA management UI
- [ ] Test QR code and recovery codes
```

> Use `search-docs` for TOTP implementation and recovery code handling patterns.

### Email Verification Setup

```
- [ ] Enable emailVerification feature in config
- [ ] Implement MustVerifyEmail interface on User model
- [ ] Set up verifyEmailView callback
- [ ] Add verified middleware to protected routes
- [ ] Test verification email flow
```

> Use `search-docs` for MustVerifyEmail implementation patterns.

### Password Reset Setup

```
- [ ] Enable resetPasswords feature in config
- [ ] Set up requestPasswordResetLinkView callback
- [ ] Set up resetPasswordView callback
- [ ] Define password.reset named route (if views disabled)
- [ ] Test reset email and link flow
```

> Use `search-docs` for custom password reset flow patterns.

### SPA Authentication Setup

```
- [ ] Set 'views' => false in config/fortify.php
- [ ] Install and configure Laravel Sanctum
- [ ] Use 'web' guard in fortify config
- [ ] Set up CSRF token handling
- [ ] Test XHR authentication flows
```

> Use `search-docs` for integration and SPA authentication patterns.

## Best Practices

### Custom Authentication Logic

Override authentication behavior using `Fortify::authenticateUsing()` for custom user retrieval or `Fortify::authenticateThrough()` to customize the authentication pipeline. Override response contracts in `AppServiceProvider` for custom redirects.

### Registration Customization

Modify `app/Actions/Fortify/CreateNewUser.php` to customize user creation logic, validation rules, and additional fields.

### Rate Limiting

Configure via `fortify.limiters.login` in config. Default configuration throttles by username + IP combination.

## Key Endpoints

| Feature                | Method   | Endpoint                                    |
|------------------------|----------|---------------------------------------------|
| Login                  | POST     | `/login`                                    |
| Logout                 | POST     | `/logout`                                   |
| Register               | POST     | `/register`                                 |
| Password Reset Request | POST     | `/forgot-password`                          |
| Password Reset         | POST     | `/reset-password`                           |
| Email Verify Notice    | GET      | `/email/verify`                             |
| Resend Verification    | POST     | `/email/verification-notification`          |
| Password Confirm       | POST     | `/user/confirm-password`                    |
| Enable 2FA             | POST     | `/user/two-factor-authentication`           |
| Confirm 2FA            | POST     | `/user/confirmed-two-factor-authentication` |
| 2FA Challenge          | POST     | `/two-factor-challenge`                     |
| Get QR Code            | GET      | `/user/two-factor-qr-code`                  |
| Recovery Codes         | GET/POST | `/user/two-factor-recovery-codes`           |


Using `laravel-best-practices`, `developing-with-fortify`, `livewire-development`, and `pest-testing` for this slice because it changes auth routes, Livewire page routing, and tests. I’m also pulling version-specific docs before editing, per the project rules.


laravel/framework laravel/fortify livewire/livewire pestphp/pest

Fortify custom route paths password reset

Fortify disable or customize password reset routes

Livewire full page route multiple routes same component

Pest Laravel password reset route testing


# Search Results

## Pages
Pages | livewire/livewire@4.x | Source: https://livewire.laravel.com/docs/4.x/pages

Livewire components can be used as entire pages by assigning them directly to routes. This allows you to build complete application pages using Livewire components, with additional capabilities like custom layouts, page titles, and route parameters.

---

## Fortify Installation Disabling Views Disabling Views and Password Reset
Fortify | laravel/fortify@latest | Source: https://github.com/laravel/docs/blob/13.x/fortify.md

#### Disabling Views and Password Reset

If you choose to disable Fortify's views and you will be implementing password reset features for your application, you should still define a route named `password.reset` that is responsible for displaying your application's "reset password" view. This is necessary because Laravel's `Illuminate\Auth\Notifications\ResetPassword` notification will generate the password reset URL via the `password.reset` named route.

---

## Fortify Password Confirmation
Fortify | laravel/fortify@latest | Source: https://github.com/laravel/docs/blob/13.x/fortify.md

## Password Confirmation

While building your application, you may occasionally have actions that should require the user to confirm their password before the action is performed. Typically, these routes are protected by Laravel's built-in `password.confirm` middleware.

To begin implementing password confirmation functionality, we need to instruct Fortify how to return our application's "password confirmation" view. Remember, Fortify is a headless authentication library. If you would like a frontend implementation of Laravel's authentication features that are already completed for you, you should use an [application starter kit](/docs/{{version}}/starter-kits).

All of Fortify's view rendering logic may be customized using the appropriate methods available via the `Laravel\Fortify\Fortify` class. Typically, you should call this method from the `boot` method of your application's `App\Providers\FortifyServiceProvider` class:

```php
use Laravel\Fortify\Fortify;

/**
 * Bootstrap any application services.
 */
public function boot(): void
{
    Fortify::confirmPasswordView(function () {
        return view('auth.confirm-password');
    });

    // ...
}
```

Fortify will take care of defining the `/user/confirm-password` endpoint that returns this view. Your `confirm-password` template should include a form that makes a POST request to the `/user/confirm-password` endpoint. The `/user/confirm-password` endpoint expects a `password` field that contains the user's current password.

If the password matches the user's current password, Fortify will redirect the user to the route they were attempting to access. If the request was an XHR request, a 201 HTTP response will be returned.

If the request was not successful, the user will be redirected back to the confirm password screen and the validation errors will be available to you via the shared `$errors` Blade template variable. Or, in the case of an XHR request, the validation errors will be returned with a 422 HTTP response.

---

## Pest V4 Is Here Now With Browser Testing
Pest V4 Is Here Now With Browser Testing | pestphp/pest@4.x | Source: https://github.com/pestphp/docs/blob/4.x/pest-v4-is-here-now-with-browser-testing.md

---
title: Pest v4 Is Here — Now with Browser Testing
description: Today, we're thrilled to announce Pest v4 — our biggest release yet, featuring powerful new browser testing with parallel support and full Laravel integration.
---

> To get started with Pest v4's new features including browser testing, please refer to the upgrade guide: [Upgrade Guide →](/docs/upgrade-guide).

- [Browser Testing](#content-pest-v4-is-here-now-with-browser-testing)
- [Smoke Testing](#content-smoke-testing)
- [Visual Regression Testing](#content-visual-regression-testing)
- [Test Sharding](#content-test-sharding)
- [Type Coverage Is Much Faster](#content-type-coverage-is-much-faster)
- [Profanity Checking](#content-profanity-checking)
- [On Top of PHPUnit 12](#content-on-top-of-phpunit-12)

# Pest v4 Is Here — Now with Browser Testing

Today, we're thrilled to announce the release of **Pest v4**, bringing the biggest testing upgrade yet: powerful **[Browser Testing](/docs/browser-testing)**. Pest's new browser testing features let you run elegant, maintainable browser tests — with first-class support for Laravel's testing API and the ability to run tests in parallel. For the first time, this is browser testing that feels as good as writing unit tests.

Here is the creator of Pest, [Nuno Maduro](https://twitter.com/enunomaduro), demoing the new browser testing features in Pest v4 at Laracon US:

[![Pest v4](/assets/pest4_play.png)](https://youtu.be/f5gAgwwwwOI?si=LtPpySZe3tf8qMjz&t=52)

Here is an example of Browser Testing using [Laravel](https://laravel.com):

```php
it('may reset the password', function () {
    // access any laravel testing helpers...
    Notification::fake();

    // access to the database — using the RefreshDatabase trait (even sqlite in memory...)
    $this->actingAs(User::factory()->create());

    $page = visit('/sign-in') // visit on a real browser...
        ->on()->mobile() // or ->desktop(), ->tablet(), etc...
        ->inDarkMode(); // or ->inLightMode()

    $page->assertSee('Sign In')
         ->click('Forgot Password?')
         ->type('email', 'nuno@laravel.com')
         ->press('Send Reset Link')
         ->assertSee('We have emailed your password reset link!')
         ->assertNoJavascriptErrors(); // or ->assertNoConsoleLogs()

    Notification::assertSent(ResetPassword::class);
});
```

With Pest v4's browser testing, you can:
- Seamlessly use **Laravel features** like `Event::fake()`, `assertAuthenticated()`, and model factories
- Use `RefreshDatabase`, even with SQLite in-memory databases, to ensure a clean state for each test
- Test on **multiple browsers** (Chrome, Firefox, Safari)
- Test on **different devices** and viewports (like iPhone 14 Pro, tablets, or custom breakpoints)
- Switch **color schemes** (light/dark mode)
- Interact with the page (click, type, scroll, select, submit, drag-and-drop, touch gestures, etc.)
- Run **parallel browser tests** for dramatically faster suites
- Take **screenshots** or pause tests for debugging
- …all with the elegance of Pest syntax
- **Playwright-based** — modern, fast, and reliable

To get started with browser testing in Pest, you need to install the Pest Browser Plugin:

```bash
composer require pestphp/pest-plugin-browser --dev

npm install playwright@latest
npx playwright install
```

After, you may use the `visit()` function anywhere. Finally, running this test is as simple as executing `./vendor/bin/pest` in your terminal. Pest will handle the rest, launching a browser, navigating to the page, and performing the actions you specified.

## Smoke Testing

Smoke testing your application in real browsers has never been easier. With Pest v4, you can literally visit all your application pages, and ensure they don't throw any JavaScript errors, and they don't log any console errors.

```php
$routes = ['/', '/about', '/contact'];

visit($routes)->assertNoSmoke();

// assertNoSmoke() is a shorthand for:
// - assertNoJavascriptErrors()
// - assertNoConsoleLogs()
```

## Visual Regression Testing

Want to ensure your pages look exactly as expected over time? Pest v4 introduces visual regression testing with the `assertScreenshotMatches()` assertion. This allows you to take screenshots of your pages and compare them against baseline images, ensuring that your UI remains consistent across changes.

```php
$pages = visit(['/', '/about', '/contact']);

$pages->assertScreenshotMatches();
```

This is just a glimpse of what Browser Testing in Pest v4 can do. Find out more about the new features below, and check out the [Browser Testing documentation](/docs/browser-testing) for a complete guide on how to get started.

## Test Sharding

Pest v4 introduces **Test Sharding**, allowing you to split your test suite into smaller, manageable chunks. This is particularly useful for large applications (or when running browser tests) where running all tests at once can be time-consuming.

This feature is particularly useful on CI platforms, where on things like GitHub actions you can no longer scale vertical, but rather horizontally. This means you can run your tests in parallel across multiple machines, significantly speeding up your test suite execution.

To get started with Test Sharding, you can use the `--shard` option when running Pest:

```bash
# GitHub Workflow One
./vendor/bin/pest --shard=1/4

# GitHub Workflow Two
./vendor/bin/pest --shard=2/4

# GitHub Workflow Three
./vendor/bin/pest --shard=3/4

# GitHub Workflow Four
./vendor/bin/pest --shard=4/4
```

You may combine this with the `--parallel` option to run your tests in parallel, and this way trully maximize your test suite execution speed:

```bash
./vendor/bin/pest --shard=1/4 --parallel
```

Finally, to easily set up sharding your CI configuration, you just have to ensure each job in your CI configuration runs a different shard of your test suite. For example, in GitHub Actions, you can use the `matrix` strategy to define multiple jobs that run different shards:

```yaml
strategy:
  matrix:
    shard: [1, 2, 3, 4]

name: Tests (Shard ${{ matrix.shard }}/4)

steps:
  - name: Run tests
    run: pest --parallel --shard ${{ matrix.shard }}/4
```

## Type Coverage Is Much Faster

Remember the days when you had to wait for your type coverage to run? Not anymore! Pest v4 introduces a new type coverage engine that is significantly faster than previous versions.

Type coverage is 2x faster on the first run and instant on subsequent runs. This means you can quickly check your type coverage without waiting for long periods, making your development workflow much more efficient.

In addition, Type Coverage now supports **Sharding**. This means you can run type coverage with the `--shard` option, just like you do with your tests.

## Profanity Checking

Pest v4 introduces a new feature that allows you to check for profanity in your test code. This is particularly useful for maintaining a clean and professional codebase, especially in collaborative environments.

You can enable profanity checking by adding the `--profanity` option when running Pest:

```bash
./vendor/bin/pest --profanity
```

To start using Pest's Profanity plugin, you need to require the plugin via Composer.

```bash
composer require pestphp/pest-plugin-profanity --dev
```

After requiring the plugin, you may utilize the `--profanity` option to generate a report of your profanity.

```bash
./vendor/bin/pest --profanity
```

If any of your files contain profanity, they will be highlighted in red and displayed using their respective line
numbers and the profane word(s) that have been found.

As an example, `pr31(f*ck)` means that the word "fuck" was found on line 31.

To learn more about the Profanity plugin and how to configure it, check out the [Profanity documentation](/docs/profanity).

### Skip Locally or On CI

Pest v4 introduces the ability to conditionally skip tests based on the environment. You can use `skipLocally()` to skip tests when running locally, or `skipOnCi` to skip tests when running on a CI server.

```php
it('does not run locally', function () {
    // This test will be skipped when running locally
})->skipLocally();

it('does not run on CI', function () {
    // This test will be skipped when running on a CI server
})->skipOnCi();
```

### Miscellaneous Improvements

- You may now use `skipLocally()` or `skipOnCi` to conditionally skip tests based on the environment.
- The `not->toHaveSuspiciousCharacters()` arch expectation has been added to help you identify potential suspicious characters in your code. This arch expectation is now enabled by default on the `php` arch preset. This expectation requires the `intl` PHP extension.
- The expectation `toBeSlug` has been added to help you validate that a string is a valid slug.

### On Top of PHPUnit 12

Pest v4 is built on top of PHPUnit 12, which means you get all the latest features and improvements from PHPUnit. As such, be sure to check out the [PHPUnit 12 release announcement](https://phpunit.de/announcements/phpunit-12.html).

### Thanks To You, Pest v4 Is Here!

There's never been a better time to dive into testing and start using Pest. If you're ready to get started with Pest v4 right away, check out our [installation guide](/docs/installation) for step-by-step instructions. And if you're currently using an earlier version of Pest, we've got you covered with detailed upgrade instructions in our [upgrade guide](/docs/upgrade-guide).

Thank you for your continued support and feedback. We can't wait to see what you build with Pest v4!

---

Thank you for reading about Pest v4's new features! Want to get started with Pest? You can find the installation guide in the next section of the documentation: [Installation →](/docs/installation)

---

## Fortify Installation Disabling Views Disabling Views and Password Reset
Fortify | laravel/framework@12.x | Source: https://github.com/laravel/docs/blob/12.x/fortify.md

#### Disabling Views and Password Reset

If you choose to disable Fortify's views and you will be implementing password reset features for your application, you should still define a route named `password.reset` that is responsible for displaying your application's "reset password" view. This is necessary because Laravel's `Illuminate\Auth\Notifications\ResetPassword` notification will generate the password reset URL via the `password.reset` named route.

---

## Fortify Password Reset Customizing Password Resets
Fortify | laravel/fortify@latest | Source: https://github.com/laravel/docs/blob/13.x/fortify.md

### Customizing Password Resets

The password reset process may be customized by modifying the `App\Actions\ResetUserPassword` action that was generated when you installed Laravel Fortify.

---

## Tia
Tia | pestphp/pest@4.x | Source: https://github.com/pestphp/docs/blob/4.x/tia.md

---
title: Test Impact Analysis (TIA)
description: Test Impact Analysis is a great way to drastically reduce the time it takes to run your test suite by re-running only the tests affected by your latest changes.
---

# Test Impact Analysis (TIA)

> **Heads up — please keep this between us.** Test Impact Analysis has shipped quietly in Pest 4 so a small group of teams can battle-test it on real suites before we put it on stage. The official, public launch is reserved for **Pest 5**.
>
> If you're reading this, you're getting an early look as a thank-you for being part of the Pest community. We'd love your feedback, bug reports, and edge cases — but we kindly ask that you **don't share this publicly** (no tweets, blog posts, livestreams, or conference demos) until the Pest 5 announcement. Internal use within your team is absolutely fine.
>
> Thanks for helping us get this right.

Test Impact Analysis is a great way to drastically reduce the time it takes to run your test suite by re-running only the tests affected by your latest changes. The first time you run with `--tia`, Pest records a graph of which tests depend on which files. Every run after that, Pest looks at what you changed, runs only the tests that touched those files, and replays cached results for everything else.

A typical Laravel suite that takes 15 seconds replays in under a second. Edits to a single Blade template re-run a handful of feature tests. Comment-only edits, formatter passes, and README touches re-run nothing at all.

To get started, just add the `--tia` flag to any Pest invocation:

```bash
./vendor/bin/pest --parallel --tia
```

The first run is the **baseline** — Pest enables a coverage driver (PCOV or Xdebug) and records the dependency graph as your tests execute. Expect a small overhead on this run only.

Every subsequent run is a **replay**. Pest compares your working tree against the baseline and re-runs only the tests affected by your changes:

```
Tests:    774 passed (2658 assertions, 7 affected, 2 uncached, 765 replayed)
Duration: 0.74s
```

`affected` is the set of tests Pest re-ran because their dependencies changed. `uncached` means Pest had to execute a test because no cached result existed yet. `replayed` is the set whose results were served from cache.

## How Pest Decides What To Run

For each file you've changed, Pest looks for tests that depend on it:

- **PHP source files** — your `app/` classes, controllers, models, helpers — are tracked through the coverage driver. A change to `app/Models/User.php` re-runs only the tests that touched `User`.
- **Migrations** are intersected with the tables each test queried during the baseline. A column rename in `create_users_table.php` re-runs only the tests that queried the `users` table.
- **Inertia pages** under `resources/js/Pages` re-run only the tests that server-side-rendered them.
- **Shared JS components** under `resources/js/Components`, `Layouts`, and friends re-run only the tests whose pages import them — Pest walks Vite's module graph to figure this out.
- **Frontend runtime files** like `resources/js/App.jsx`, `resources/js/bootstrap.js`, `resources/js/echo.js`, and `resources/js/favicon.js` re-run tests that rendered Inertia components, because they can affect the whole client runtime.
- **Blade templates** re-run only the tests that rendered them, including renders triggered by browser tests.
- **Arch tests** re-run for project PHP source changes, because Arch expectations inspect files by namespace and path instead of executing those files.
- **Browser assets** such as CSS, public build files, static public assets, and `public/hot` re-run browser tests only.
- **Anything else** — config files, route files, fixture data, files outside the recorded graph — falls through to a broader pattern. Editing `config/app.php` re-runs every test, because Pest can't statically prove which tests depend on it.

Some files change the shape of the graph itself rather than a single test result. Pest rebuilds the graph when structural inputs drift, including `composer.json`, `composer.lock`, `phpunit.xml`, `vite.config.*`, `package.json`, Node lockfiles, and `tsconfig` / `jsconfig` files. Environment files such as `.env`, `.env.testing`, and local variants drop cached results and re-execute the suite while keeping the graph.

## Cosmetic Edits Don't Run Anything

Pest normalises file content before comparing, so cosmetic changes don't trigger any tests. PHP files have whitespace, line comments, and docblocks stripped before hashing. Blade strips `{{-- … --}}` comments. JS, TS, Vue, and Svelte files have line and block comments removed too.

The result: a comment-only edit, a Prettier reformat, a Pint pass, or a README tweak produces an identical hash, and the file never enters the changed set. Zero tests run.

## Built-in Environments

Pest ships with watch defaults for the most common PHP stacks, and applies them automatically when their packages are installed:

- **PHP** — always-on baseline rules for `composer.json`, `composer.lock`, `phpunit.xml`, and similar structural inputs.
- **Laravel** — `app/`, `routes/`, `config/`, `database/migrations/`, `resources/views/`, and friends.
- **Symfony** — `config/`, `migrations/`, `src/Migrations/`, `templates/`, `translations/`, `config/doctrine/`, `assets/`, `webpack.config.js`, and `importmap.php`.
- **Livewire** — `resources/views/livewire/`, `resources/views/components/`, `resources/views/pages/`, plus JS/TS under `resources/js/`.
- **Inertia** — server-side-rendered pages under `resources/js/Pages` and the Vite module graph for `Components`, `Layouts`, and runtime entry files.
- **Browser** — CSS, public build files, static public assets, and `public/hot` re-run browser tests only.

You don't have to configure anything to opt in to these — Pest detects each framework via Composer and merges the relevant rules. To extend or override them, see [Custom Watch Patterns](#custom-watch-patterns).

## Modes

Pest supports a few flags alongside `--tia`:

| Flag | Behaviour |
|---|---|
| `--tia` | Replay if a baseline graph exists, otherwise record. |
| `--no-tia` | Disable TIA for this run, even if `pest()->tia()->always()` is configured. |
| `--tia --fresh` | Discard any existing graph and re-record from scratch. Use this after large refactors or when the graph feels stale. |
| `--tia --refetch` | Force a CI baseline fetch even within the 24-hour cooldown after a previous failed fetch. |
| `--tia --filtered` | Narrow PHPUnit to only the affected test files rather than loading all tests and replaying cached results for unaffected ones. |
| `--tia --locally` | Equivalent to `pest()->tia()->always()->locally()` — run TIA automatically on local machines but skip on CI. |
| `--tia --baselined` | Opt in to fetching the shared baseline from CI when no local graph exists or the local graph drifts. |
| `--baseline` | Print the absolute path of this project's TIA storage directory and exit. Designed for CI uploads — see [Sharing The Baseline From CI](#sharing-the-baseline-from-ci). |

### Environment Variables

Each enabling flag has an environment variable equivalent, useful for CI matrices, container entry points, and shared developer configs:

| Variable | Equivalent flag |
|---|---|
| `PEST_TIA=1` | `--tia` |
| `PEST_TIA_FILTERED=1` | `--filtered` |
| `PEST_TIA_LOCALLY=1` | `--locally` |
| `PEST_TIA_BASELINED=1` | `--baselined` |

## Sharing The Baseline From CI

Recording the baseline locally takes minutes on large suites. Instead, you can have CI record it once per merge to `main`, and every developer downloads the result.

Baseline fetching is **opt-in**. Enable it either with `--tia --baselined` on the command line, the `PEST_TIA_BASELINED=1` environment variable, or — preferred for teams — by calling `pest()->tia()->baselined()` in `tests/Pest.php`. Once enabled, when Pest detects no local graph (or the local graph is out of date) it uses GitHub's CLI to download the latest successful run of a `tia-baseline.yml` workflow's `pest-tia-baseline` artifact. Pest validates the fetched graph against your project state — if it matches, it's adopted. Otherwise it's discarded and a local rebuild proceeds.

Here's a starter workflow you can drop into `.github/workflows/tia-baseline.yml`:

```yaml
name: TIA Baseline
on:
  push: { branches: [main] }
  schedule: [{ cron: '0 3 * * *' }]
  workflow_dispatch:
jobs:
  baseline:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with: { fetch-depth: 0 }
      - uses: shivammathur/setup-php@v2
        with: { php-version: '8.4', coverage: xdebug }
      - run: composer install --no-interaction --prefer-dist

      - name: Run tests
        run: ./vendor/bin/pest --parallel --tia --coverage

      - name: Resolve TIA baseline path
        id: baseline
        run: echo "path=$(vendor/bin/pest --baseline)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"

      - name: Upload TIA baseline
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: pest-tia-baseline
          path: ${{ steps.baseline.outputs.path }}
          include-hidden-files: true
          retention-days: 30
```

`vendor/bin/pest --baseline` prints the absolute path to this project's TIA storage directory (typically `~/.pest/tia/<project-key>/`), which is exactly what `actions/upload-artifact` needs to bundle the recorded graph and coverage cache. `include-hidden-files: true` is required because the baseline lives under a dot-prefixed directory.

After CI runs, every developer with `baselined()` enabled who runs `pest --tia` for the first time on the repo will download this baseline and start replaying immediately, paying no record cost.

## Storage

Pest stores its state at `~/.pest/tia/<project-key>/`, where the project key is derived from your normalised git remote URL — so `git@github.com:foo/bar.git` and `https://github.com/foo/bar` produce the same key. A non-git project falls back to a hash of the project's absolute path.

Sharing state per remote URL means multiple worktrees of the same repository share one cache, while unrelated projects on the same machine stay isolated.

## Configuration

You can configure TIA behaviour in `tests/Pest.php` via `pest()->tia()`:

```php
pest()->tia()
    ->always()     // run TIA on every invocation, no --tia flag needed
    ->locally()    // restrict always() to local environments only
    ->baselined()  // fetch the shared baseline from CI when no local graph exists
    ->filtered();  // narrow PHPUnit to only affected test files
```

**`always()`** activates TIA for every `pest` run without requiring the `--tia` flag. Pair it with **`locally()`** to restrict that behaviour to local machines — on CI (detected via the `--ci` flag or the `CI` environment variable) TIA is skipped automatically. An explicit `--tia` on the command line always takes effect regardless, and `--no-tia` can disable it for a single run.

**`filtered()`** enables filtered mode, equivalent to `--tia --filtered`. In this mode Pest narrows PHPUnit to only the affected test files rather than loading the full suite and replaying cached results for unaffected tests:

```php
pest()->tia()->filtered();
```

**`baselined()`** opts in to fetching the shared TIA baseline from CI when no local graph exists or the local graph drifts. See [Sharing The Baseline From CI](#sharing-the-baseline-from-ci) for the recommended workflow:

```php
pest()->tia()->baselined();
```

## Custom Watch Patterns

If your project has a directory layout that doesn't match the framework defaults, you can register custom watch patterns in `tests/Pest.php`:

```php
pest()->tia()->watch([
    'config/billing/**/*.php' => 'tests/Feature/Billing',
    'public/build/**/*'       => 'tests/Browser',
]);
```

Each glob maps to a test directory or an exact test file. Whenever a matching file changes, every test under that directory is invalidated. If a glob already exists in Pest's defaults, your target is merged with the existing targets instead of replacing them.

---

Now that you've learned how to use Test Impact Analysis to speed up your test suite, let's discuss how to integrate Pest with your continuous integration workflow: [Continuous Integration](/docs/continuous-integration)

---

## Redirecting Redirecting to full-page components
Redirecting | livewire/livewire@4.x | Source: https://livewire.laravel.com/docs/4.x/redirecting

## Redirecting to full-page components

Because Livewire uses Laravel's built-in redirection feature, you can use all of the redirection methods available to you in a typical Laravel application.

For example, if you are using a Livewire component as a full-page component for a route like so:

```php
Route::livewire('/posts', 'pages::show-posts');
```

You can redirect to it simply by using the route path:

```php
public function save()
{
    // ...

    $this->redirect('/posts');
}
```

---

## Fortify Password Confirmation
Fortify | laravel/framework@12.x | Source: https://github.com/laravel/docs/blob/12.x/fortify.md

## Password Confirmation

While building your application, you may occasionally have actions that should require the user to confirm their password before the action is performed. Typically, these routes are protected by Laravel's built-in `password.confirm` middleware.

To begin implementing password confirmation functionality, we need to instruct Fortify how to return our application's "password confirmation" view. Remember, Fortify is a headless authentication library. If you would like a frontend implementation of Laravel's authentication features that are already completed for you, you should use an [application starter kit](/docs/{{version}}/starter-kits).

All of Fortify's view rendering logic may be customized using the appropriate methods available via the `Laravel\Fortify\Fortify` class. Typically, you should call this method from the `boot` method of your application's `App\Providers\FortifyServiceProvider` class:

```php
use Laravel\Fortify\Fortify;

/**
 * Bootstrap any application services.
 */
public function boot(): void
{
    Fortify::confirmPasswordView(function () {
        return view('auth.confirm-password');
    });

    // ...
}
```

Fortify will take care of defining the `/user/confirm-password` endpoint that returns this view. Your `confirm-password` template should include a form that makes a POST request to the `/user/confirm-password` endpoint. The `/user/confirm-password` endpoint expects a `password` field that contains the user's current password.

If the password matches the user's current password, Fortify will redirect the user to the route they were attempting to access. If the request was an XHR request, a 201 HTTP response will be returned.

If the request was not successful, the user will be redirected back to the confirm password screen and the validation errors will be available to you via the shared `$errors` Blade template variable. Or, in the case of an XHR request, the validation errors will be returned with a 422 HTTP response.

---

## Fortify Password Reset Resetting the Password
Fortify | laravel/fortify@latest | Source: https://github.com/laravel/docs/blob/13.x/fortify.md

### Resetting the Password

To finish implementing our application's password reset functionality, we need to instruct Fortify how to return our "reset password" view.

All of Fortify's view rendering logic may be customized using the appropriate methods available via the `Laravel\Fortify\Fortify` class. Typically, you should call this method from the `boot` method of your application's `App\Providers\FortifyServiceProvider` class:

```php
use Laravel\Fortify\Fortify;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

/**
 * Bootstrap any application services.
 */
public function boot(): void
{
    Fortify::resetPasswordView(function (Request $request) {
        return view('auth.reset-password', ['request' => $request]);
    });

    // ...
}
```

Fortify will take care of defining the route to display this view. Your `reset-password` template should include a form that makes a POST request to `/reset-password`.

The `/reset-password` endpoint expects a string `email` field, a `password` field, a `password_confirmation` field, and a hidden field named `token` that contains the value of `request()->route('token')`. The name of the "email" field / database column should match the `email` configuration value defined within your application's `fortify` configuration file.

---

## Passwords Routing
Passwords | laravel/framework@12.x | Source: https://github.com/laravel/docs/blob/12.x/passwords.md

## Routing

To properly implement support for allowing users to reset their passwords, we will need to define several routes. First, we will need a pair of routes to handle allowing the user to request a password reset link via their email address. Second, we will need a pair of routes to handle actually resetting the password once the user visits the password reset link that is emailed to them and completes the password reset form.

---

## Lazy Full-page lazy loading
Lazy | livewire/livewire@4.x | Source: https://livewire.laravel.com/docs/4.x/lazy

## Full-page lazy loading

You can lazy load or defer full-page Livewire components using route methods.

### Lazy loading full pages

Use `->lazy()` to load the component when it enters the viewport:

```php
Route::livewire('/dashboard', 'pages::dashboard')->lazy();
```

### Deferring full pages

Use `->defer()` to load the component immediately after the page loads:

```php
Route::livewire('/dashboard', 'pages::dashboard')->defer();
```

### Disabling lazy/defer loading

If a component is lazy or deferred by default (via the `#[Lazy]` or `#[Defer]` attribute), you can opt-out using `enabled: false`:

```php
Route::livewire('/dashboard', 'pages::dashboard')->lazy(enabled: false);
Route::livewire('/dashboard', 'pages::dashboard')->defer(enabled: false);
```

---

## Fortify Password Reset Customizing Password Resets
Fortify | laravel/framework@12.x | Source: https://github.com/laravel/docs/blob/12.x/fortify.md

### Customizing Password Resets

The password reset process may be customized by modifying the `App\Actions\ResetUserPassword` action that was generated when you installed Laravel Fortify.

---

## Fortify Password Reset Resetting the Password
Fortify | laravel/framework@12.x | Source: https://github.com/laravel/docs/blob/12.x/fortify.md

### Resetting the Password

To finish implementing our application's password reset functionality, we need to instruct Fortify how to return our "reset password" view.

All of Fortify's view rendering logic may be customized using the appropriate methods available via the `Laravel\Fortify\Fortify` class. Typically, you should call this method from the `boot` method of your application's `App\Providers\FortifyServiceProvider` class:

```php
use Laravel\Fortify\Fortify;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

/**
 * Bootstrap any application services.
 */
public function boot(): void
{
    Fortify::resetPasswordView(function (Request $request) {
        return view('auth.reset-password', ['request' => $request]);
    });

    // ...
}
```

Fortify will take care of defining the route to display this view. Your `reset-password` template should include a form that makes a POST request to `/reset-password`.

The `/reset-password` endpoint expects a string `email` field, a `password` field, a `password_confirmation` field, and a hidden field named `token` that contains the value of `request()->route('token')`. The name of the "email" field / database column should match the `email` configuration value defined within your application's `fortify` configuration file.

---

## Fortify Password Reset Requesting a Password Reset Link Handling the Password Reset Link Request Response
Fortify | laravel/fortify@latest | Source: https://github.com/laravel/docs/blob/13.x/fortify.md

#### Handling the Password Reset Link Request Response

If the password reset link request was successful, Fortify will redirect the user back to the `/forgot-password` endpoint and send an email to the user with a secure link they can use to reset their password. If the request was an XHR request, a 200 HTTP response will be returned.

After being redirected back to the `/forgot-password` endpoint after a successful request, the `status` session variable may be used to display the status of the password reset link request attempt.

The value of the `$status` session variable will match one of the translation strings defined within your application's `passwords` [language file](/docs/{{version}}/localization). If you would like to customize this value and have not published Laravel's language files, you may do so via the `lang:publish` Artisan command:

```html
@if (session('status'))
    <div class="mb-4 font-medium text-sm text-green-600">
        {{ session('status') }}
    </div>
@endif
```

If the request was not successful, the user will be redirected back to the request password reset link screen and the validation errors will be available to you via the shared `$errors` [Blade template variable](/docs/{{version}}/validation#quick-displaying-the-validation-errors). Or, in the case of an XHR request, the validation errors will be returned with a 422 HTTP response.

---

## Attribute Title Only for full-page components
Attribute Title | livewire/livewire@4.x | Source: https://livewire.laravel.com/docs/4.x/attribute-title

## Only for full-page components

> [!info] Full-page components only
> The `#[Title]` attribute only works for full-page components accessed via routes. Regular components rendered within other views don't use titles—they inherit the parent page's title.

---

## Fortify Password Reset Requesting a Password Reset Link Handling the Password Reset Link Request Response
Fortify | laravel/framework@12.x | Source: https://github.com/laravel/docs/blob/12.x/fortify.md

#### Handling the Password Reset Link Request Response

If the password reset link request was successful, Fortify will redirect the user back to the `/forgot-password` endpoint and send an email to the user with a secure link they can use to reset their password. If the request was an XHR request, a 200 HTTP response will be returned.

After being redirected back to the `/forgot-password` endpoint after a successful request, the `status` session variable may be used to display the status of the password reset link request attempt.

The value of the `$status` session variable will match one of the translation strings defined within your application's `passwords` [language file](/docs/{{version}}/localization). If you would like to customize this value and have not published Laravel's language files, you may do so via the `lang:publish` Artisan command:

```html
@if (session('status'))
    <div class="mb-4 font-medium text-sm text-green-600">
        {{ session('status') }}
    </div>
@endif
```

If the request was not successful, the user will be redirected back to the request password reset link screen and the validation errors will be available to you via the shared `$errors` [Blade template variable](/docs/{{version}}/validation#quick-displaying-the-validation-errors). Or, in the case of an XHR request, the validation errors will be returned with a 422 HTTP response.

---

## Passwords Routing Resetting the Password
Passwords | laravel/framework@12.x | Source: https://github.com/laravel/docs/blob/12.x/passwords.md

### Resetting the Password

---

## Fortify Password Reset Resetting the Password Handling the Password Reset Response
Fortify | laravel/fortify@latest | Source: https://github.com/laravel/docs/blob/13.x/fortify.md

#### Handling the Password Reset Response

If the password reset request was successful, Fortify will redirect back to the `/login` route so that the user can log in with their new password. In addition, a `status` session variable will be set so that you may display the successful status of the reset on your login screen:

```blade
@if (session('status'))
    <div class="mb-4 font-medium text-sm text-green-600">
        {{ session('status') }}
    </div>
@endif
```

If the request was an XHR request, a 200 HTTP response will be returned.

If the request was not successful, the user will be redirected back to the reset password screen and the validation errors will be available to you via the shared `$errors` [Blade template variable](/docs/{{version}}/validation#quick-displaying-the-validation-errors). Or, in the case of an XHR request, the validation errors will be returned with a 422 HTTP response.

---

## Search Full-Text Search Running Full-Text Queries
Search | laravel/framework@12.x | Source: https://github.com/laravel/docs/blob/12.x/search.md

### Running Full-Text Queries

Once the index is in place, use the `whereFullText` query builder method to search against it. Laravel will generate the appropriate SQL for your database driver — for example, `MATCH(...) AGAINST(...)` on MariaDB and MySQL, and `to_tsvector(...) @@ plainto_tsquery(...)` on PostgreSQL:

```php
$articles = Article::whereFullText('body', 'web developer')->get();
```

When using MariaDB and MySQL, results are automatically ordered by relevance score. On PostgreSQL, `whereFullText` filters matching records but does not order them by relevance — if you need automatic relevance ordering on PostgreSQL, consider using [Scout's database engine](#database-engine), which handles this for you.

If you created a composite full-text index across multiple columns, you may search against all of them by passing the same array of columns to `whereFullText`:

```php
$articles = Article::whereFullText(
    ['title', 'body'], 'web developer'
)->get();
```

The `orWhereFullText` method may be used to add a full-text search clause as an "or" condition. For complete details, consult the [query builder documentation](/docs/{{version}}/queries#full-text-where-clauses).

---

## Search Full-Text Search Adding Full-Text Indexes
Search | laravel/framework@12.x | Source: https://github.com/laravel/docs/blob/12.x/search.md

### Adding Full-Text Indexes

To use full-text search, first add a full-text index to the columns you want to search. You may add the index to a single column, or pass an array of columns to create a composite index that searches across multiple fields at once:

```php
Schema::create('articles', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->string('title');
    $table->text('body');
    $table->timestamps();

    $table->fullText(['title', 'body']);
});
```

On PostgreSQL, you may specify a language configuration for the index, which controls how words are stemmed:

```php
$table->fullText('body')->language('english');
```

For more information on creating indexes, consult the [migration documentation](/docs/{{version}}/migrations#available-index-types).

---

## Passwords Routing Resetting the Password The Password Reset Form
Passwords | laravel/framework@12.x | Source: https://github.com/laravel/docs/blob/12.x/passwords.md

#### The Password Reset Form

Next, we will define the routes necessary to actually reset the password once the user clicks on the password reset link that has been emailed to them and provides a new password. First, let's define the route that will display the reset password form that is displayed when the user clicks the reset password link. This route will receive a `token` parameter that we will use later to verify the password reset request:

```php
Route::get('/reset-password/{token}', function (string $token) {
    return view('auth.reset-password', ['token' => $token]);
})->middleware('guest')->name('password.reset');
```

The view that is returned by this route should display a form containing an `email` field, a `password` field, a `password_confirmation` field, and a hidden `token` field, which should contain the value of the secret `$token` received by our route.

---

## Installation Next Steps Laravel the Full Stack Framework
Installation | laravel/framework@12.x | Source: https://github.com/laravel/docs/blob/12.x/installation.md

### Laravel the Full Stack Framework

Laravel may serve as a full stack framework. By "full stack" framework we mean that you are going to use Laravel to route requests to your application and render your frontend via [Blade templates](/docs/{{version}}/blade) or a single-page application hybrid technology like [Inertia](https://inertiajs.com). This is the most common way to use the Laravel framework, and, in our opinion, the most productive way to use Laravel.

If this is how you plan to use Laravel, you may want to check out our documentation on [frontend development](/docs/{{version}}/frontend), [routing](/docs/{{version}}/routing), [views](/docs/{{version}}/views), or the [Eloquent ORM](/docs/{{version}}/eloquent). In addition, you might be interested in learning about community packages like [Livewire](https://livewire.laravel.com) and [Inertia](https://inertiajs.com). These packages allow you to use Laravel as a full-stack framework while enjoying many of the UI benefits provided by single-page JavaScript applications.

If you are using Laravel as a full stack framework, we also strongly encourage you to learn how to compile your application's CSS and JavaScript using [Vite](/docs/{{version}}/vite).

> [!NOTE]
> If you want to get a head start building your application, check out one of our official [application starter kits](/docs/{{version}}/starter-kits).

---

## Search Introduction Full-Text Search
Search | laravel/framework@12.x | Source: https://github.com/laravel/docs/blob/12.x/search.md

#### Full-Text Search

When you need keyword relevance ranking — where the database scores and sorts results based on how well they match the search terms — Laravel's `whereFullText` query builder method leverages native full-text indexes on MariaDB, MySQL, and PostgreSQL. Full-text search understands word boundaries and stemming, so a search for "running" can match records containing "run". No external service is required.

---

## Search Full-Text Search
Search | laravel/framework@12.x | Source: https://github.com/laravel/docs/blob/12.x/search.md

## Full-Text Search

While `LIKE` queries work well for simple substring matching, they don't understand language. A `LIKE` search for "running" won't find a record containing "run", and results aren't ranked by relevance — they're simply returned in whatever order the database finds them. Full-text search solves both of these problems by using specialized indexes that understand word boundaries, stemming, and relevance scoring, allowing the database to return the most relevant results first.

Fast full-text search is built into MariaDB, MySQL, and PostgreSQL — no external search service is required. You only need to add a full-text index to the columns you want to search, and then use the `whereFullText` query builder method to search against them.

> [!WARNING]
> Full-text search is currently supported by MariaDB, MySQL, and PostgreSQL.

---

## Fortify Password Reset Requesting a Password Reset Link
Fortify | laravel/fortify@latest | Source: https://github.com/laravel/docs/blob/13.x/fortify.md

### Requesting a Password Reset Link

To begin implementing our application's password reset functionality, we need to instruct Fortify how to return our "forgot password" view. Remember, Fortify is a headless authentication library. If you would like a frontend implementation of Laravel's authentication features that are already completed for you, you should use an [application starter kit](/docs/{{version}}/starter-kits).

All of Fortify's view rendering logic may be customized using the appropriate methods available via the `Laravel\Fortify\Fortify` class. Typically, you should call this method from the `boot` method of your application's `App\Providers\FortifyServiceProvider` class:

```php
use Laravel\Fortify\Fortify;

/**
 * Bootstrap any application services.
 */
public function boot(): void
{
    Fortify::requestPasswordResetLinkView(function () {
        return view('auth.forgot-password');
    });

    // ...
}
```

Fortify will take care of defining the `/forgot-password` endpoint that returns this view. Your `forgot-password` template should include a form that makes a POST request to the `/forgot-password` endpoint.

The `/forgot-password` endpoint expects a string `email` field. The name of this field / database column should match the `email` configuration value within your application's `fortify` configuration file.

---

## Passwords Routing Requesting the Password Reset Link
Passwords | laravel/framework@12.x | Source: https://github.com/laravel/docs/blob/12.x/passwords.md

### Requesting the Password Reset Link

_[Truncated]_